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ObjectiveTo investigate whether neuronal intermediate filament protein(NF-66) could be used as a molecular marker for the determination of malignancy of insulinoma.MethodsThe expression of NF-66 protein was detected in insulinoma and pana - cancerous tissues and 3 insulinoma cell lines by immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between the expression of NF-66 protein and the clinicopathological characteristics,survival was analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.ResultsExpression of NF-66 was found in 102(77％ ) out of 132 insulinomas and none of 98 paired control (P =4.86 × 10-31 ).NF-66 was highly expressed in 3 insulinoma cell lines.The expression of NF-66 was found in 96 (81％) out of 118 benign tumors (P =0.003),while out of 14 malignant insulinomas,6(43％ ) were found to express NF-66 ( P =0.003 ).The expression of NF-66 was significantly associated with tumor size (3 cm as the cut-off point),distant metastasis (38％ vs 81％,P =0.013) and distant plus lymph node metastasis (46％ vs 81％,P =0.009),respectively.The expression of NF-66 was not correlated with age,gender,recurrence and overall survival.ConclusionsDown-regulation of NF-66 was significantly associated with tumor malignancy,suggesting that NF-66 could be a potentially novel molecular bionarker to distinguish malignancy from benign insulinoma.
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ObjectiveTo study the expression of p27 and its relationship with CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP) in insulinoma.MethodsExpression of p27 was tested in 27 insulinoma tissues and 11 paired control tissues by immunohistochemistry staining.CpG island methylation of p16,MLH1,RAR-β,MGMT,THBS1 (CIMP) was detected in 27 insulinoma tissues and 11 paired cantrol tissues by methylation specific PCR (MSP).The data of p27 and CIMP expression were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics.ResultsThe positive expression rate of p27 in insulinoma tissues was significantly lower than that in paired control tissues (48％ vs 91％,P =0.008).High rate of CIMP occurrence in insulinoma tissues was 33％ (9/27),while it was 18％ (2/11) in paired control tissues,and difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P =0.350 ).The methylation of MGMT was reversely associated with p16 methylation ( P =0.004).p27 expression in insulinoma tissues was reversely associated high rate of CIMP occurrence but it was not statistically significant ( P =0.420).Neither the expression of p27 nor the occurrence of CIMP was associated with the clinicopathological features.ConclusionsDown-regulation of p27 and high rate of CIMP occurred in insulinomas,suggesting that the inactivation of p27 and epigenetic alterations of several genes might contribute to the carcinogenesis of insulinoma.
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Objective To explore the relationship between CA repeats polymorphism in the promoter region of IGF-1 gene and MS in the Han nationality.Methods 1047 subjects were recruited from general population of Dongcheng District in Beijing.MS was diagnosed based on the criteria for MS in 2005 by IDF.Genomic DNA was extracted by standard methods.PCR,Genescan,Genotyper and direct sequencing were conducted to screen CA repeats polymorphism in the promoter region of the human IGF-1 gene.Levels of plasma glucose,lipids,serum insulin and IGF-1 were determined.BMI and ISI were calculated.Results The prevalence of MS in (CA) 19 homozygote was lower than that in (CA) 19 heterozygote (9.1% vs 18.3%,x2 = 8.55,P ＜ 0.01) and without (CA) 19 (9.1% vs 24.0%,x2 = 18.05,P ＜ 0.01).The level of serum IGF-1 had differences among the three groups [ (114.0 ± 52.6) μg/L vs (136.6 ± 80.5) μg/L vs (129.2±49.1) μg/L,F =3.16,P ＜0.05],(CA)19 homozygote had lower serum IGF-1 than (CA)19heterozygote and without (CA) 19.BMI,WC,TG,FIns,2hIns and ISI had difference among the three groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions (CA)19 repeats polymorphism in the promoter region of IGF-1 gene was significantly associated with MS in Han nationality.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between gene polymorphism of transcripion factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) at positions rs290487, rs11196205, rs11196218 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese women.Methods In 1140 unrelated pregnant Northern Chinese women (335 women with GDM, 158 gestational cases with impaired glucose tolerance and 647 pregnant non-diabetic controls) ,three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs290487, rs11196205, and rs11196218) in the TCF7L2 gene were genotyped using ligase detection reaction (LDR).In the present study, cases with GDM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were indistinguishable clinically and biochemically, and were combined into case group.Results The frequency of C allele of rs290487 was 41.6% in case group, being significantly higher than that in control group (36.3%, P=0.012).There was significant difference in the frequency of CC genotype between case group and control group (18.7% vs 14.0%, P=0.033).Compared with T allele carriers, CC genotype carriers had a 1.418-fold increased risk of GDM (95% CI 1.028-1.955).After adjusting for age, body mass index, family history of diabetes,systolic blood pressure,and diastolic blood pressure, pregnant women with CC genotype carriers of rs290487 were more prone to hyperglycemia compared with the T allele carriers (OR 1.518, 95% CI 1.064-2.166).Conclusions The TCF7L2 rs290487 variant may contribute to the genetic predisposition to GDM.CC genotype is likely to be associated with an increased risk of GDM in the pregnant Chinese women.
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To examine the relationship between genetic variants in the interleukin-6 receptor gene and obesity. The result showed that the carriers of Asp358 homozygotes had higher risk in developing obesity when compared with Ala358 homozygotes (OR = 1.32,95% CI 1.07-1.68, P = 0. 041). Interleukin-6 receptor gene pulymorphism was significantly associated with obesity.
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Objective To evaluate the values of continuous subcutaneous insulin/rapid insulin analoguc infusion in desensitization for allergy to recombinant human insulin. Methods Two patients allergic to recombinant human insulin received desensitization therapy by continuous subcutaneous insulin lispro infusion. The diluted insulin lispro solution was pumped with initial basal rate of O. O1 U/h, and the basal rate and insulin lispro concentration increased gradually until the insulin dosage for clinical treatment was reached. After that, continuous subcutaneous insulin lispro infusion was replaced by regimen of insulin lispro subcutaneous injection plus oral hypoglycemic agents. Results Local wheals were not observed in both two patients during continuous subcutaneous insulin lispro infusion or during bolus subcutaneous injection of insulin lispro after desensitization. Conclusion The desensitization therapy by continuous subcutaneous insulin/rapid insulin analogue infusion can be applied for allergy to recombinant human insulin.
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Objective To study the plasma and intratumoral levels of ghrelin, leptin and their relationship and clinical significance in patients with pancreatic endocrine tumor.Methods Preoperative plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin were detected by ELISA in 11 patients with pancreatic endocrine tumors and 28 normal controls.Expressions of ghrelin and its receptor GHS-R 1A were tested in 11 tumors and 27 paired control tissues by immunohistochemistry staining, and they were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics.Results The plasma levels of ghrelin was ( 16.0 ± 5.0) pg/ml, which was significantly lower than that in normal controls [ (21.0 ± 2.0) pg/ml, P = 0.047 ].The plasma levels of leptin was (0.34 ±0.03 ) ng/ml, which was not significantly different with that in normal controls [ 0.38 ± 0.04) ng/ml ].There was positive association between plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin (P =0.015 ), but was not associated with clinicopathological parameters.The plasma levels of leptin in control group was positively associated with BMI (P = 0.002), but they were not associated in patients with tumor.The expression rate of ghrelin in tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in control group (64% vs 100%, P = 0.004 ).But the expression rate of GHS-R I A was not significantly different between the two groups.The expression of ghrelin and GHS-R1A in tumor was not significantly associated with clinicopathological parameters.Conclusions The ghrelin and its receptor GHS-R 1A were extensively expressed in pancreatic endocrine tumors, and the serum levels of ghrelin and leptin was changed.
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Objective To evaluate the underlying causes of death of the in - patients with type 2 diabetes in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods A cohort of 247 known dead in - patients with type 2 diabetes(132 men and 115 women) was identified from 1991 ～ 2003 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Underlying causes of death were obtained from death certificates and were coded according to the International Classifecation of Diseases (ninth revision). Results In our study, carduvascular disease was the most com-mon underlying cause of death and 110 death cases were attributable to it, and 64 to neoplasms,36 to respiratory disease, 14 to digestive disease, 10 to diabetes - related diseases, 1 to traffic accident cause, 13 to other natural causes. Conclusion This study confirms the im-portance of carduvascular disease as the major cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes. The evidence of an early effect on mortality suggests that prevention , early diagnosis, and treatment should be improved.
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Objective To investigate the role of hMSH2 in the pathogenesis of sporadic insulinomas and to determine whether the expression of hMSH2 could be used to differentiate benign sporadic insulinomas from malignant ones. Methods Fifty-five sporadic insulinomas (40 benign and 15 malignant tumors) resected from 50 patients were obtained. Expression of hMSH2 was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. DNA was obtained from micradissected tissue. Loss of heterozygnsity (LOH) of hMSH2 gene was detected by PCR-LOH. 6 microsatellite markers were selected on 3 chromosomes, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status of tumor tissue were detected by PCR. The findings were analyzed in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics. Results Down-regulation of hMSH2 expression was found in 13% of 55 sporadic insulinomas. LOH of the hMSH2 gene was not present in 55 insulinomas. High frequency MSI (MSI-H, MSI occurred in at least 2 out of 6 sites) was present in 36% (20/55) of all the insulinomas. Down-regulation of hMSH2 expression was found in 33% of the 15 malignant tumors, while it was 5% in benign tumors (P < 0. 05). Conclusions Down-regulation of mismatch repair gene hMSH2 may be correlated with the degree of tumor malignancy. The expression of hMSH2 could be used as a potential marker for distinguishing benign insulinoma from malignant ones.
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Objective To evaluate the features of insulin sensitivity and ?-cell function in a Chinese population with normal fasting glucose.Methods 2,388 subjects aged≥20 years were divided into 5 groups based on the results of oral 75-g glucose tolerance test(OGTT):low-NFG,mid-NFG,high-NFG,IFG,T2DM.We compared insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using several indexes derived from OGTT.Results There was a progressive decline in indexes of ?-cell function and insulin sensitivity when moving from NFG to type 2 diabetes.Compared with subjects with mid-NFG(FPG 4.9～5.6mmol/l),subjects with high-NFG(FPG5.6～6.1mmol/l)were more resistant to insulin,and had reduced insulin secretion,higher plasma triglyceride level and reduced HDL cholesterol concentrations(P
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Objective To study the relationship between ghrelin gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes.MethodsAll subjects were genotyped for these two single nucleotide polymorphisms(C408A,G346A)of ghrelin by PCR-RFLP assay.Anthropometric variables,blood glucose,insulin,lipid,uric acid and other clinic parameters were measured.Results In control group,the genotype frequencies are as follows:CC 75.4%(n=251),CA 24.0%(n=80),and AA 0.6%(n=2).In type 2 diabetes group,the genotype frequencies are as follows:CC 70.8%(n=143),CA 28.2%(n=57),and AA 1.0%(n=2).There was no significant differences of the genotype frequencies in two groups.In control group,serum total cholesterol in subjects carrying CC genotype was higher than that of subjects without CC genotype(P
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its associated factors including dietary and Metabolic Syndrome in populations of Dongcheng district in Beijing.Methods A cross-section study of hyperuricemia was carried out in volunteers who had diabetes screening from 2003 to 2004.The prevalence of hyperuricemia was calculated in the population.Applying the form of food frequency to know the intake of nutrition-rich dietary.Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in this population was 4.3%.In male and female were 10.7% and 1.07% respectively.Bivariate and rank analysis found that hypertriglyceride were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia(P
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Objective To evaluate whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein is associated with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited.According to the results of 8 h urine albumin excretion rate,ophthalmoscope examination and nerve conduction velocity test,nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy were defined respectively.To evaluate differences of the serum hsCRP levels of those with and without nephropathy,retinopathy and neuropathy.Results Only diabetic nephropathy correlated with the serum hsCRP level.With increment of urine albumin excretion rate,hsCRP level was increased.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that hsCRP correlated positively with urine albumin excretion rate(r=0.448,P=0.002),triglyceride(r=0.385,P=0.008),and body mass index(r=0.261,P=0.004).Stepwise linear regression showed that hsCRP and UAER,TG and BMI existed linear correlation.Conclusion hsCRP is associated with diabetic nephropathy and its level is correlated with the degree of diabetic nephropathy.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Discussion on utility and purposed value of obesity and abdomen obesity when body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) used as indexes predicting hypertension, hyper-blood glucose, and both clusters, to provide scientific basis for the decision on the indexes and their cut-off points of obesity and abdomen obesity in Chinese people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the data of diabetes mellitus (DM) from epidemiological studies carried out in 11 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities of China from July 1995 to June 1997. Partial relative analysis, logistic multi-factors regression analysis, interaction analysis were used. Relative risk (RR), attributable risk proportion (ARP) and population attributable risk proportion (PARP) of hypertension, hyper-blood glucose, and the both cluster as BMI, WC, WHR with the different cut off points were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) The correlations between BMI, WC and blood pressure, blood glucose were better than the WHR. 2) After adjusted by age, sex, occupation leisure physical activity, education degree and the family history of DM, the results suggested that BMI, WC, WHR were important predictive factors, with relative importance as BMI > WC > WHR. 3) There were augment interactions on BMI, WC and WHR with hypertension, hyper-blood glucose, with the interaction of BMI and WC in particular. Their pure attributable interaction proportion were from 5.95% to 29.34%. 4) The values of RR were about 2.5 when BMI >/= 23, >/= 24 and >/= 25, suggesting the relationship with exposure factors and diseases were with medium and high maleficent extent. Their ARP were from 0.580 to 0.623 with PARP from 0.259 to 0.425. The values of RR were from 2.06 to 3.08 as WC >/= 85 cm in males, WC >/= 80 cm in females while WC >/= 90 cm in males, WC >/= 80 cm in females, which suggested that the relationship with exposure factors and diseases were in medium and high maleficent extent. Their ARP were from 0.515 to 0.676 while PARP from 0.241 to 0.431.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Since the maleficent extent of exposure factors to diseases, the acceptability for overweight and obesity in population, and the prevention and care for overweight and obesity were just in the introduction stage in China. The utility value of predicted hypertension, hyper-blood glucose in BMI and WC seemed to be better then in WHR. We suggested that BMI used as the obesity index, with the diagnostic cut-off point BMI >/= 24. WC as the abdomen obesity index. The diagnostic cut-off points are suggested to be WC >/= 85 cm in males, and WC >/= 80 cm in females.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Blood Pressure , Physiology , Body Constitution , Body Mass Index , Diastole , Hyperglycemia , Diagnosis , Hypertension , Diagnosis , Logistic Models , Obesity , Predictive Value of Tests , SystoleABSTRACT
435 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into 2 groups according to their fatty liver,then the relations between fatty liver and various parameters in two groups were observed and analyzed by statistical methods.Body mass index,HbA_1c and triglyceride were the risk factors for fatty liver.The prevalences of metabolic syndrome,hypertension and coronary heart disease in fatty liver group were significantly higher than those in the control group.
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In 1989 ,a general survey of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) in 44 747 Shanxi peasants,as well as Beijing and Liaoning workers and cadres revealed that the prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT was 2. 02% and 2. 95 % respectively. The former was greatly increased in comparison with that in 1979. The prevalences of diabetes and IGT in Beijing and Liaoning were much higher than in Shanxi, where the caloric-intake and the percentages of overweight and obesity in peasants were much lower. The prevalence rate of diabetes and IGT increased with age,with the peak in 60s. Most of patients with diabetes or IGT were non-obese, but it was significantly higher in overweight or obesity groups. These indicate that aging,lack of physical exercise,overeating and obesity are major factors in increasing the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus and IGT. A significant difference in prevalence rate of diabetes between male and female was found. Its cause and significance need further study.
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The results showed that long-term and non-pulsatile administration of high doses of GnRH-A made in China produced a reversible inhibition of testicular endocrine function in male rats, resulting in decrease of testosterone level and increase of progesterone level both in sera and culture media. Besides, there was a marked decrease in the weight of their seminal vesicles and ventral prostates. It was found that GnRH-A we used had no effect on testis weight, the structure of seminiferous tubules and the production of estrogen by cultured Sertoli cells, and no serious side effect, either. It suggested that home made GnRH-A may be useful in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent diseases as reported in foreign literature.